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In the context of AP World History, the availability of water has been a critical factor in the development and sustainability of civilizations. If a society does not have access to water, several significant consequences can occur:

1. 

: Water is essential for irrigation and agriculture. Without it, crop yields would plummet, leading to food shortages and potential famine.
2. 

: Water is necessary for drinking, sanitation, and hygiene. A lack of water can lead to dehydration, disease, and a decline in population due to increased mortality rates.
3. 

: Many industries, especially those related to agriculture and manufacturing, rely on water. A shortage can cripple these sectors, leading to economic decline.
4. 

: Scarcity of water can force populations to migrate in search of better resources, potentially leading to conflicts over water rights and territory.

Historically, civilizations such as the Mesopotamians, Egyptians, and Indus Valley people thrived due to their access to rivers and water sources. Conversely, the decline of the Mayan civilization has been partially attributed to prolonged droughts.