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Certainly! Let's break down your questions one by one.

 Question 1: How did they create canoes around 20,000 years ago?

The creation of canoes by early humans is a fascinating topic. Around 20,000 years ago, during the Upper Paleolithic period, humans were already demonstrating significant advancements in tool-making and craftsmanship. The creation of canoes likely involved the use of simple tools made from stone, bone, and wood. Early humans would have hollowed out large logs using controlled fire and stone tools to create dugout canoes. This process required considerable skill and knowledge of materials, which they had developed over millennia.

 Question 2: If the previous species that went out of Africa died, then why would the newer ones go out of Africa?

The migration out of Africa is a complex process that occurred in multiple waves over hundreds of thousands of years. Early hominins, such as Homo erectus, left Africa around 1.8 million years ago. While some of these early migrants did not survive, others adapted to new environments. The more recent wave of migration, involving Homo sapiens, began around 70,000 years ago. These newer migrants had developed more advanced tools, social structures, and cognitive abilities, which increased their chances of survival in diverse environments.