b)
c)
7. Outline an acceptable synthesis for the following reaction. Show all the reagents needed in every step of the synthesis. $(3$ pts)
(b)
5. All of the following names are incorrect or incomplete. In each case, draw the structure (or a possible structure) and name it correctly.
$(2$ pts)
(a) 2-ethyl-3-methylpentane
(b) 3-bromo-5-methylhexane
6. Suggest the major organic product(s) for each of the following reactions: $(3 \mathbf{p t s})$
a)
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∻Solution∻ ‖ 1 ⋮ **Problem b) Reaction Mechanism**: The reaction of an alkene with $H_2O$ and $H^+$ typically involves an acid-catalyzed hydration. The $H^+$ protonates the alkene to form a more stable carbocation intermediate, which then reacts with water to form an alcohol. ‖ ‖ 2 ⋮ **Problem c) Reaction Mechanism**: The reaction of an aromatic ring with a methyl substituent with $H_2O$ and $H^+$ is likely a Friedel-Crafts acylation followed by hydrolysis. The $H^+$ would activate the aromatic ring for electrophilic substitution, and water would act as a nucleophile after the initial acylation step. ‖ ‖ 3 ⋮ **Problem 7 Synthesis Steps**: To convert an aromatic ring with a sulfonic acid group to a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group and a carboxylic acid group, multiple steps are required. One possible synthesis could involve the reduction of the sulfonic acid to a thiol, followed by oxidation to a sulfonic acid, and then a series of reactions to introduce the hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups. ‖ ‖ 4 ⋮ **Problem 5a) Correct Structure and Name**: The name "2-ethyl-3-methylpentane" is incorrect because there cannot be both an ethyl and a methyl group on a five-carbon chain with these positions. The correct structure would be a seven-carbon chain with an ethyl group on the second carbon and a methyl group on the third carbon. The correct name is "3-methylheptane". ‖ ‖ 5 ⋮ **Problem 5b) Correct Structure and Name**: The name "3-bromo-5-methylhexane" is incorrect because the numbering of the substituents should be as low as possible. The correct structure would have the bromo and methyl groups on the second and third carbons, respectively. The correct name is "2-bromo-3-methylhexane". ‖ ‖ 6 ⋮ **Problem 6a) Major Organic Product**: The reaction of a cyclic alkene with a methyl substituent with $BH_3$ followed by $NaOH$ and $H_2O_2$ is an anti-Markovnikov hydroboration-oxidation reaction. The major product would be a cyclic alcohol with the hydroxyl group added to the less substituted carbon atom. ‖ ∻1 Answer∻ ⚹ The alkene reacts with $H_2O$ and $H^+$ to form an alcohol via acid-catalyzed hydration. ⚹ ∻2 Answer∻ ⚹ The aromatic methyl compound reacts with $H_2O$ and $H^+$ likely through a Friedel-Crafts acylation followed by hydrolysis. ⚹ ∻3 Answer∻ ⚹ A multi-step synthesis is required to convert an aromatic sulfonic acid to a benzene with hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups. ⚹ ∻4 Answer∻ ⚹ The correct structure for "2-ethyl-3-methylpentane" is a seven-carbon chain with substituents at positions 2 and 3, named "3-methylheptane". ⚹ ∻5 Answer∻ ⚹ The correct structure for "3-bromo-5-methylhexane" is a six-carbon chain with substituents at positions 2 and 3, named "2-bromo-3-methylhexane". ⚹ ∻6 Answer∻ ⚹ The major product of the reaction is a cyclic alcohol with the hydroxyl group added to the less substituted carbon atom. ⚹ ∻Key Concept∻ ⚹ Acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes leads to alcohols. ⚹ ∻Explanation∻ ⚹ The $H^+$ protonates the alkene to form a carbocation, which is then attacked by water to form an alcohol. ⚹ ∻Key Concept∻ ⚹ Friedel-Crafts acylation involves the introduction of an acyl group into an aromatic ring. ⚹ ∻Explanation∻ ⚹ The reaction with $H_2O$ and $H^+$ likely involves acylation followed by hydrolysis to introduce a functional group into the aromatic ring. ⚹ ∻Key Concept∻ ⚹ Synthesis of complex molecules requires multiple steps. ⚹ ∻Explanation∻ ⚹ Each step in a synthesis introduces or modifies functional groups to achieve the target molecule. ⚹ ∻Key Concept∻ ⚹ Correct IUPAC naming requires the lowest possible numbering for substituents. ⚹ ∻Explanation∻ ⚹ The incorrect names provided did not follow the lowest numbering rule, leading to incorrect structures. ⚹ ∻Key Concept∻ ⚹ Hydroboration-oxidation is an anti-Markovnikov addition of water to alkenes. ⚹ ∻Explanation∻ ⚹ $BH_3$ adds across the double bond followed by oxidation to give an alcohol at the less substituted carbon. ⚹◊What is the chemical reaction involved in converting an aromatic ring with a sulfonic acid group to a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group and a carboxylic acid group?⍭ Generate me a similar question◊

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