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Question
Biology
Posted 9 months ago
Describe how DNA is replicated before cell division.
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Answer from Sia
Posted 9 months ago
Answer
DNA replication is a critical process that occurs before cell division to ensure that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the DNA.
Solution
a
Initiation: DNA replication begins at specific locations in the genome called origins of replication. Proteins called initiators bind to these origins and unwind the DNA double helix
b
Unwinding: Helicase enzymes further unwind the DNA strands, creating a replication fork. Single-strand binding proteins (SSBs) stabilize the unwound DNA strands
c
Primer Synthesis: Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer complementary to the DNA template strand. This primer provides a starting point for DNA synthesis
d
Elongation: DNA polymerase III extends the RNA primer by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand in the 5' to 3' direction. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments called Okazaki fragments
e
Primer Removal and Replacement: DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides
f
Ligation: DNA ligase seals the gaps between Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, forming a continuous DNA strand
Key Concept
DNA replication ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the DNA.
Explanation
DNA replication involves initiation at origins of replication, unwinding of the DNA helix, synthesis of RNA primers, elongation by DNA polymerase, removal and replacement of RNA primers, and ligation of DNA fragments.

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