1. The preparation of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas is an equilibrium reaction. Industrially, this reaction is carried out at a pressure between 50 and $100 \mathrm{~atm}$ and a temperature between 200 and $300^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Discuss the choice of the chosen temperature and pressure in function of the yield and the speed of the reaction. Explain the effect of pressure and temperature on the reaction and why these variables have this effect on the yield and speed of the reaction. (10 pts)

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∻Solution∻ ‖ 1 ⋮ **Discuss the choice of temperature**: The temperature for the reaction is chosen between 200 and $300^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to balance the speed of the reaction and the yield. ‖ ‖ 2 ⋮ **Discuss the choice of pressure**: The pressure for the reaction is set between 50 and $100 \mathrm{~atm}$ to increase the yield of methanol according to Le Chatelier's principle. ‖ ‖ 3 ⋮ **Effect of temperature on the reaction**: Increasing the temperature generally increases the rate of the reaction but can decrease the yield if the reaction is exothermic. ‖ ‖ 4 ⋮ **Effect of pressure on the reaction**: Increasing the pressure shifts the equilibrium towards the side with fewer moles of gas, which in this case, increases the yield of methanol. ‖ ∻Answer∻ ⚹ The chosen temperature and pressure for the synthesis of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas are optimized to ensure a practical balance between the rate of reaction and the yield of methanol. Higher temperatures increase the rate but can lower the yield for exothermic reactions, while higher pressures favor the production of methanol by shifting the equilibrium towards the products. ⚹ ∻Key Concept∻ ⚹ Equilibrium shift and reaction kinetics ⚹ ∻Explanation∻ ⚹ Temperature and pressure affect the yield and speed of a chemical reaction by influencing the equilibrium position and the rate at which the reaction occurs. ⚹◊How does the equilibrium constant change with temperature in the reaction for the preparation of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas?⍭ Generate me a similar question◊

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